Learn to play / Rulebooks
Rules

Pickleball rulebooks

Two rulebooks govern most organized pickleball in the US. Here is what each one covers, when it applies, and where they differ.

This is a summary. The official rulebook governs.

We wrote this in our own words to help players find their way around the rules. Where it and the rulebook disagree, the rulebook wins. Read the USA Pickleball rulebook (PDF) · Read the UPA-A rulebook (PDF)

The two rulebooks

USA Pickleball's Official Rulebook is the one most players learn from. It covers recreational, social and league play as well as USA Pickleball sanctioned tournaments.

The UPA-A Rulebook is written by the United Pickleball Association of America for the events it sanctions, which include the PPA Tour and Major League Pickleball. It has general rules for amateur and pro play plus a separate appendix of professional rules.

Most of the game is the same under both: the court, the net, the two-bounce rule, the basics of the non-volley zone and side-out scoring. The differences are mostly in serving details, time-outs, penalties, coaching and how disputes are settled.

USA Pickleball

2026 USA Pickleball Official Rulebook

Who publishes it

  • Published by USA Pickleball, which describes itself as the national governing body for pickleball in the US and the body that writes and interprets the rules. Front matter, p. ii
  • Parts I and II apply to all play: recreational, social, league and tournament. Part III adds rules for USA Pickleball sanctioned tournaments, and Part IV covers wheelchair, adaptive standing and hybrid play. Front matter, p. ii

When it applies

  • USA Pickleball sanctioned tournaments play under it, including the tournament rules in Part III. Front matter, p. ii; Part III
  • Its general rules are written for recreational, social and league play as well as tournaments. Front matter, p. ii
  • Non-sanctioned tournaments may use it as a guideline, and USA Pickleball recommends they follow it. Front matter, pp. ii-iii

UPA-A

UPA-A Rulebook and Principles 2026-2027, Version 0.9

Who publishes it

  • Published by the United Pickleball Association of America (UPA-A) for the competitions it sanctions. 1.1
  • PPA Tour and Major League Pickleball tournaments, in the US and abroad, are under UPA-A's authority. 1.1

When it applies

  • Rules 1 to 15 apply to amateur and pro matches at UPA-A sanctioned events; Rules 1 to 13 apply whether or not a referee is present. 1.2.1
  • Pro brackets also follow Appendix B (Professional Rules), which wins over the general rules where they conflict. MLP events also follow the MLPlay Rules Guide (Appendix C), which comes first of all. 1.2.2; PR 1.1.1; PR 1.1.2
  • Non-sanctioned events may adopt it if the organizer chooses. 1.1

Key differences

Only differences we checked in both rulebooks are listed, each with the section numbers from both. Sections are as numbered in each book: the 2026 USA Pickleball rulebook and UPA-A version 0.9.

TopicUSA PickleballUPA-A
Drop serve: releasing the ballDrop it from a natural height, without tossing it up or pushing it down. 7.D.1, 7.D.2Release it from any height, with no added spin, force or manipulation. 5.3.3
Drop serve: bounces before you hitAny number, anywhere on the playing surface. 7.D.3, 7.D.4One bounce at most, anywhere on the playing surface. 5.3.3
Drop serve in pro playThe rulebook has no separate serve rule for pro brackets; the drop serve is a legal serve. 7.DNot allowed in pro brackets: the volley serve is mandatory. PR 3.1.2
A serve too close to callIn officiated play the referee may call a replay when not sure a serve requirement was met (and must in some cases). 20.E.2If the serve's legality can't be clearly confirmed by sight, it is a fault. 5.3
CoachingOnly during time-outs and between games. 20.GBetween rallies and during time-outs; never during a live rally. 11.1
Standard time-outs per gameTwo in games to 11 or 15, three in games to 21; up to one minute each. 21.A, 21.A.5One in games to 11 or 15, two in games to 21; one minute each. 10.3.2
Medical time-out lengthUp to 15 minutes, once per player per match. 21.C.3, 21.C.6Three minutes on court, or up to five in total when treated off court or for bleeding; once per player per match. 10.4.1, 10.4.5
Changing ends mid-gameOnly in single-game matches and the deciding game of a match (at 6, 8 or 11 points). 21.BAt the midpoint of a game in every match format, including multi-game matches (at 6, 8 or 11 points). 4.4.1
Penalty pointsA technical foul takes a point off the offender's score, or adds one to the opponent if the offender has zero. 22.E.1A Foul adds a point to the opponent's score. After a first Mark, every further Mark or Foul also gives the opponent a point. 12.3.3, 12.5
Getting back out of the kitchen before a volleyBoth feet must touch the ground outside the non-volley zone. 11.A.3Each foot that touched the non-volley zone must touch outside it; if only one foot went in, only that one. 9.4
Reaching over the netA fault if you, or anything you wear or carry, crosses the plane of the net before you hit the ball. 13.I, 13.I.1.aA plane-of-the-net fault only if your body completely crosses before you hit; reaching your paddle across is not one (it can still be a distraction). 8.3.1
Ball hits a portable net's crossbar after bouncingReplay. 13.B.2The player who hit it over wins the rally. Replay only if it hits the bar before landing. 8.2
Broken ballReplay if all players agree (or, with a referee, the referee decides) a broken or cracked ball affected the rally. 10.G.1, 20.F.1Replay only if the crack runs from one hole to another or the ball splits in two. 6.7
DistractionA fault when the referee judges a player distracted an opponent about to hit. 20.I, 20.I.1A deliberately high bar. The rally is never stopped; afterward, the distracting side loses the rally if it won it, or gets a Mark if it lost it. 6.4
Asking your opponent about a line callTheir clear call stands, unless the referee overrules it on appeal. 8.I, 19.D.2Their clear call stands, and it can't then be appealed to the referee. 7.6
Calling an opponent's fault with no refereeYou may call kitchen faults and service foot faults on an opponent; if the teams disagree, replay the rally. 9.B.3, 9.B.3.bYou can raise any suspected fault, but only the player accused can enforce it; if they don't agree, the rally stands. 15.3
Hinders with no refereeAny player may call one, and the rally is replayed. 9.C.1, 9.C.2Replayed only if all players agree; otherwise the rally stands. 15.4
Rally scoringA provisional option for singles and doubles. Tournaments may use it, except double-elimination doubles events and 2026 Golden Ticket and National Championship events. 14.A, 15.C.2The Tournament Director may allow it for singles. Its appendix is marked In Progress in version 0.9. TO 2.3; Appendix E
Approved paddlesFor sanctioned play, the paddle must be on the USA Pickleball Approved Paddle List. 3.D.1, 18.AA paddle on the UPA-A list is encouraged and one on the USA Pickleball list is permitted. Pro brackets need a paddle approved for pro play. 3.2.2, PR 2.1.1
Arriving late to a matchGame forfeit after 10 minutes; in a multi-game match, match forfeit after 15. 18.F.1, 18.F.2A point to the opponent every four minutes, then game forfeit at 10 minutes and, in best of three, match forfeit at 15. A one-game match is forfeited at 10. 13.4.1
Doubles partner retires injuredThe partner may decide to keep playing. 21.C.9Once a partner retires, the other may not play on. Instead of retiring, a player can abstain: the partner plays on alone, and each rally the abstaining player would receive is a point to the opponents. 13.2.1, 13.2.2
Phones and earbudsNo headphones, earbuds or audio devices while playing, except hearing aids. 18.DNo headphones, earbuds or audio calls; texting is allowed during a break in play. Pro brackets ban phones and connected devices once the match starts unless an exception was approved and disclosed. 11.4; PR 5.1
Recommended space for tournament courts34 by 64 feet. 3.A.340 by 60 feet. 3.1.1

What's the same

The basics carry over. Both rulebooks agree on these:

  • Court 20 by 44 feet, with a 7-foot non-volley zone on each side whose lines count as part of it. USA Pickleball 3.A.1, 3.A.4.c UPA-A 3.1.1
  • Net 36 inches high at the sidelines and 34 inches at the center. USA Pickleball 3.B.6, 3.B.7 UPA-A 3.1.2
  • Side-out scoring by default: only the serving side scores. USA Pickleball 4.A UPA-A 5.6
  • Doubles score called as three numbers, starting at 0-0-2. USA Pickleball 6.B.2 UPA-A 5.2.1
  • Serve within 10 seconds of the score call; serving during the call is a fault. USA Pickleball 6.C.1, 6.D UPA-A 5.2.3
  • Volley serve: an upward (underhand) swing, contact no higher than the waist, and the paddle head not above the wrist. USA Pickleball 7.C UPA-A 5.3.2
  • Serve and return must each bounce before being hit. USA Pickleball 10.A UPA-A 8.1
  • Call a ball out only when you clearly see space between it and the line; when partners disagree, it's in. USA Pickleball 8.E, 8.H UPA-A 7.1, 7.2
  • A serve that lands on the non-volley zone line is out. USA Pickleball 8.C UPA-A 7.3
  • Two minutes between games. USA Pickleball 21.F.1 UPA-A 4.5.1